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VA Basics: Key Terms and How the Claim Process Works

Written by Belinda Jackson, Senior Benefit Consultant, Veteran Benefits USAReviewed by Philip VanderHamm, VA Accredited Claims Agent, Veteran Benefits USALast reviewed

Quick answer

Most VA claims follow the same path: set an effective date (an intent to file or an online claim), file the claim with evidence, attend any C&P exam, receive a decision with a rating, and choose a decision review if you disagree. Knowing the key terms (service connection, effective date, combined rating and accreditation) makes each step easier to follow.

Key terms

Service connection
A link between a current condition and military service, either direct, secondary (caused or aggravated by another service-connected condition), or presumptive. See secondary conditions.
Intent to file
Sets a potential start date for benefits. VA says you then have one year to complete and file your claim.
C&P exam
A VA claim exam used to decide service connection and severity. See what to expect.
Combined rating
VA combines multiple ratings using its own table, not simple addition. See how combined ratings work.
Decision review
Supplemental Claim, Higher-Level Review or Board Appeal. See VA appeals.
Accredited representative
A VSO representative, attorney or claims agent accredited by VA’s Office of General Counsel. See how to verify one.

The claim path, step by step

  1. Set your effective date (intent to file, or start the claim online).
  2. Gather service records, medical records and supporting statements.
  3. File VA Form 21-526EZ for disability compensation (or the right form for pension or survivor benefits).
  4. Attend any scheduled C&P exam.
  5. Read the decision letter and check each condition, rating and effective date.
  6. If you disagree, choose a decision review within the deadlines.

Where to go next