Types of Military Discharge

When a person leaves the military, their discharge is categorized into different types based on the circumstances of their departure. The type of military discharge impacts their eligibility for VA benefits.

Most VA benefits require that a former soldier have a military discharge status of other than dishonorable. If you have an “other than honorable” discharge, you may still be eligible, but it will usually require a review of your case to determine if the VA will grant you benefits.

Here are the different types of military discharge:

Honorable Discharge

An honorable discharge is the best type a service member can receive. It means they met or exceeded the military’s standards for performance and conduct. Veterans with an honorable discharge qualify for full benefits, such as VA healthcare, VA disability, VA pensions, education assistance (like the GI Bill), and home loans. This discharge reflects a positive service record and is highly regarded by employers.

General Discharge (Under Honorable Conditions)

A general discharge is given when a service member’s performance or conduct was satisfactory but didn’t fully meet the standards for an honorable discharge. For example, they might have had minor disciplinary issues. Veterans with this discharge can still access most VA benefits, like healthcare and education, but some benefits may be limited.

Other Than Honorable (OTH) Discharge

An other than honorable discharge is issued when a service member’s actions were significantly below military standards, such as repeated misconduct, security violations, or civilian convictions. This type of discharge can limit access to VA benefits; however, veterans may still be eligible to apply for certain benefits, such as healthcare, on a case-by-case basis. An OTH discharge may make it harder to find civilian jobs.

Bad Conduct Discharge (BCD)

A bad conduct discharge is a type of discharge given after a court-martial for serious offenses, such as desertion or assault. It’s one step below a dishonorable discharge. Veterans with a BCD lose most VA benefits and face significant challenges in civilian life, as this discharge signals serious misconduct.

Dishonorable Discharge

A dishonorable discharge is the worst type, reserved for the most severe offenses, such as murder, treason, or sexual assault, after a court-martial. It’s equivalent to a felony conviction. Veterans with this discharge lose all VA benefits and face significant barriers to employment.

Entry-Level Separation (ELS)

An entry-level separation is for service members who leave during their first 180 days, typically because they cannot adapt to military life or fail basic training. It’s not considered honorable or dishonorable—it’s neutral. Those with an ELS don’t typically qualify for VA benefits, as their service was too short to earn Veteran status.

Medical Discharge

A medical discharge happens when a service member can no longer perform their duties due to a physical or mental health condition. It can be honorable or general, depending on their service record. If the condition is service-connected, they may qualify for VA healthcare and disability benefits. The process involves a medical evaluation to assess an individual’s fitness for duty.

The Importance of Discharge Status

The type of discharge affects a Veteran’s access to benefits, job prospects, and reputation. Veterans can sometimes appeal or request a discharge upgrade through the military’s review boards, but this process requires evidence and can take time.